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Weekly Media update 2009 - 48
As the year draws to a close, MMPZ remains skeptical of the coalition’s commitment to genuine reform of the country’s media landscape.
Although the private media reported the parties as having eventually agreed on a raft of changes, including the restructuring of the state media and media law reforms, the government media’s non-reformist attitude betrays ZANU PF’s insincerity on the issue. The party’s apparent reluctance to free the public media from the control of presidential spokesman George Charamba (The Standard, 6/12), whom the MDC-T and the private media accuse of using the state media to disseminate gratuitous and offensive attacks against ZANU PF’s perceived opponents, is further evidence of this.
MMPZ’s monitoring of the media during the week also corroborates evidence of ZANU PF’s abuse of the public media in flagrant disregard of Article X1X of the Global Political Agreement, which compels these media to provide fair, balanced and equitable coverage to all the coalition parties.
The government papers, for example, carried 43 stories on the parties’ activities. Twenty-four (56%) of them were on ZANU PF while the remaining 19 were on the MDC [MDC-T (16) and MDC-M (three)]. Eighteen (75%) of the ZANU PF stories portrayed it favourably; four were neutral and two were negative. Eleven (69%) of their stories on the MDC-T vilified the party as agents of Western imperialism bent on sabotaging the inclusive government [news stories (five), comments (two) and opinion pieces (four)]; two depicted it in positive light, while the remaining three were neutral. Two of the MDC-M stories were positive while one was neutral. None unfairly criticised the party.
The government media’s minimal coverage of Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai’s address to Parliament last Tuesday also illustrates the need for comprehensive reforms of these media. The Herald (2/12), for example, relegated this important news to its inside pages, while its front page contained stories about the dismissal of 40 workers by a Chiadzwa diamond mining company; President Mugabe’s address commemorating World Health Day, whose full text was reproduced inside the paper, and government’s appeal to Botswana to stop hosting foreign-based radio stations broadcasting via transmitters on its territory.
ZBC was even worse.
It broke with tradition by not according this newsworthy national event any live coverage. ZBC’s news coverage of it (1/12, 8pm bulletins) was mostly in the context of criticising the Prime Minister for “trying to shield (Finance Minister Tendai) Biti from answering questions from MPs who wanted an explanation on current shortages of farming inputs”.
The Herald’s columnist Cad Mash (1/12) epitomised the official media’s biased perspective of the MDC-T component of government. In his article entitled: Shame on you, Morgan, Mash vilified Tsvangirai and his party for urging the inclusive government to comply with the West’s preconditions for the removal of alleged sanctions while addressing party supporters in Highfield on Sunday (November 30). Mash described MDC-T officials in government as “former…rebels” and the party’s activities since its formation, particularly its alleged call for the imposition of sanctions, as equivalent to “sabotage, treason, terrorism and genocide”. However, there was not a shred of evidence to support these dangerous allegations.
MMPZ urges the coalition parties to fulfill their promises under the GPA by rescuing the government media from political control, stopping them from disseminating inflammatory language and transforming them into genuine public media.
2. The Print Media
Summary
The inclusive government’s activities, particularly ongoing efforts to reach a negotiated political settlement and the 2010 national budget presentation, were the print media’s highlights of the week.
They carried 189 stories on the subjects [government papers (116) and private papers (73)]. Sixteen other stories were on human rights issues.
Sixty-six of the official papers’ stories highlighted obstacles affecting the smooth execution of the Global Political Agreement (GPA) while 48 documented the coalition’s achievements. The remaining two were general reports on the authority’s operations.
The private Press diagnosed problems affecting the coalition’s effectiveness in 41 stories and recorded its gains in 20 reports. The rest (12) were general stories on the authority’s activities.
Fig 1: Topical stories in the print media
|
Publication
|
Political developments in government
|
Socio-economic issues
|
Human rights issues
|
|
The Herald
|
21
|
40
|
1
|
|
Chronicle
|
11
|
14
|
0
|
|
The Manica Post
|
0
|
5
|
0
|
|
The Sunday Mail
|
4
|
14
|
0
|
|
Sunday News
|
2
|
5
|
0
|
|
The Zimbabwean
|
8
|
8
|
8
|
|
The Financial Gazette
|
9
|
4
|
2
|
|
The Zimbabwe Independent
|
7
|
9
|
0
|
|
The Standard
|
6
|
5
|
1
|
|
The Zimbabwean On Sunday
|
10
|
7
|
4
|
|
Total
|
78
|
111
|
16
|
Political threats to the coalition
The government papers’ coverage of ongoing meetings to resolve the country’s power-sharing dispute remained inadequate and biased against the MDC-T arm of government.
For instance, instead of providing informative updates on the issue, including progress and duration of the dialogue and findings of the South African facilitation team, the papers preferred to blame the MDC-T for prolonged mediation by, among others, negotiating in bad faith; raising fresh issues; setting up parallel government structures and dragging its feet in condemning Western sanctions and the activities of Zimbabwean-run, foreign-based radio stations.
The Herald and Chronicle (1/12) reported the South African facilitation team as having “expressed anxiety” over the “ballooning” of outstanding issues from the eight that were agreed upon in Maputo early last month to 21, citing unnamed sources. Instead of seeking comment from the South African delegation, the dailies discredited the raising of fresh problems affecting the implementation of the political agreement on the grounds that the move was allegedly bent on “masking the real issues stalling progress” without explaining how.
Thirteen of the government papers’ editorials [comments (two) and opinion pieces (11)] and five letters-to-the-editor propagated this notion. Trevor Manhanga’s article, GPA: Stop concentrating on trivia (The Herald, 2/12) summed up their bias. He described the additions, which included the review of ministerial allocations and appointment of constitutional commissions; security sector and media reforms and land audit, as not only “peripheral” and “minor” but also “a diversion from real issues” such as national reconciliation, land reform programme; reintroduction of the Zimbabwe dollar and economic empowerment.
The papers also accused the West of conniving with the MDC-T and some SADC countries of trying to undermine the inclusive government. They cited as proof the Czech Republic’s hosting of five MDC ambassador-designates without government’s approval and the hosting of Zimbabwean-run foreign-based radio stations by Botswana and Madagascar. The Herald and Chronicle (30/11), for example, quoted unnamed sources as saying the Czech Republic’s move was “a sheer effort to divide the inclusive government”, to confirm its conspiracy theory, while the next day (1/12) The Herald’scartoon depicted the ambassador-designates as puppies who had embarked on the trip to receive “obedience-training”.
The private papers performed better.
Although they reported the parties as having agreed on several issues such as the sharing of gubernatorial posts and media reforms, they reported ZANU PF negotiators as under pressure from party leaders for having conceded too much on media reforms. The Zimbabwe Independent (4/12) and The Standard (6/12) reported the negotiators as having failed to agree on the swearing in of MDC-T Deputy Agriculture Minister Roy Bennett; the role of presidential spokesman George Charamba, and a review of the appointment of RBZ governor Gideon Gono and Attorney-General Johannes Tomana. The papers also reported the parties as unlikely to conclude the constitutional reform programme within the GPA timeframe; the Joint Monitoring and Implementation Committee (JOMIC) expressing concern over protracted tensions among the parties and some Western countries reiterating that full compliance with the political agreement as a precondition for budgetary support.
Economic threats
MDC-T Finance Minister Tendai Biti’s presentation of the 2010 national budget was the focal point of the print media’s coverage of socio-economic issues this week.
Eighteen of the official papers’ 23 stories on the subject provided essential details on the budget while five unfairly criticised it on alleged grounds that it did not promote the interests of the poor and significantly support the agricultural sector.
It was in this context that ZANU PF apologist Jonathan Moyo vilified the budget as “evil” and “atrocious” because it allegedly “rolled back the historic land reform programme”, ignored the “devastating impact of illegal economic sanctions” and entrenched the use of “multi-currency economic framework up to 2015 to the detriment of the majority of the poor” (The Sunday Mail, 6/12).
The papers highlighted symptoms of socio-economic stress such as poor service delivery and fuel price increases.
Successes by the coalition
While the official papers were vague on the parties’ progress in patching up their differences, the private papers considered their ability to resolve some of the problems affecting the smooth implementation of the GPA as a significant stride in the resolution of the country’s drawn-out political crisis.
They also identified gains on the socio-economic front such as the decline in the cost of living as another indicator of success.
Human rights issues
The government papers continued to censor human rights violations. They devoted one story to the issue.
The private papers published 15 reports on the subject, three of which were incidents.
They involved:
- The alleged abduction of a nine-year old boy by suspected ZANU PF supporters in Chimanimani (The Zimbabwean On Sunday, 6/12); and
- The invasion of two white-owned farms in Selous and Figtree by suspected ZANU PF supporters (The Zimbabwean, 03/12).
3. The Electronic Media
Summary
Although the electronic media continued to show keen interest in the country’s socio-political and economic affairs, their coverage of the issues remained inadequate or biased. None of them, for example, penetrated the secrecy surrounding the coalition parties’ crisis talks to provide informative updates.
They carried 224 stories on the matter, 165 (74%) of which appeared on ZBC while the remaining 59 were in the private electronic media [radios (28) and online agencies (31)]. The other nine reports were on human rights issues.
ZBC’s stories reported the inclusive government as succeeding in revitalising the country in 66 stories and highlighted the obstacles it faced in 77 reports. The remaining 22 were general stories on the coalition’s activities.
The private electronic media recorded problems affecting the coalition’s effectiveness in 28 stories and reported its achievements in 18 reports. The remaining 13 were general stories on government’s operations.
Fig 2: Topical stories in the electronic media
|
Station
|
Political developments
|
Socio-economic issues
|
Human rights issues
|
|
ZTV
|
17
|
20
|
0
|
|
Spot FM
|
6
|
22
|
0
|
|
Radio Zimbabwe
|
13
|
14
|
0
|
|
Studio 7
|
9
|
9
|
1
|
|
SW Radio Africa
|
5
|
5
|
5
|
|
New Zimbabwe.com
|
8
|
1
|
0
|
|
ZimOnline
|
8
|
6
|
1
|
|
Zimdaily
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
|
The Zimbabwe Times
|
5
|
1
|
2
|
|
Total
|
72
|
152
|
9
|
Political threats to the coalition
ZBC’s coverage of ongoing dialogue among the parties was piecemeal as most of its stories on the issue were bland announcements on the SADC facilitation team’s visit, its subsequent meetings with the coalition parties and justification of its refusal to disclose details of its findings.
ZTV (4/12, 8pm), for instance, passively quoted SADC executive secretary Tomaz Salamao urging Zimbabweans and the international community to “give negotiators a chance to carry out their discussions without interference”. However, it did not ask him to explain the basis of the region’s “optimism of an amicable outcome” considering reports in the private media that the parties were still haggling over some outstanding issues, such as the controversial appointments of Gono and Tomana.
The rest of ZBC’s reports on the subject depicted alleged Western sanctions and foreign-based radio stations broadcasting into Zimbabwe as major obstacles to the full implementation of the GPA.
Consequently, ZBC almost ignored Prime Minister Tsvangirai’s address to Parliament, which the private electronic media say highlighted a number of issues, including problems affecting the coalition’s effectiveness.
Although the private electronic media failed to adequately report on the negotiations, they highlighted the ripple effects of delays in concluding the dialogue on government’s programmes; recorded Botswana saying it would ignore government’s appeal for it to stop foreign-based radio stations from broadcasting via transmitters on its territory, and the West reiterating its preconditions for the resumption of full co-operation.
Economic threats
The presentation of the national budget by MDC-T Finance Minister Tendai Biti was also the major economic story of the week in the electronic media.
However, ZBC launched a propaganda blitz against the budget by depicting it as an obstacle to the country’s progress in 25 (64%) out of 39 stories on the issue, citing mostly its alleged failure to prioritise the agricultural sector.
For instance, it (3/12, 8pm) quoted ZANU PF officials, farmers and analysts, such as Christopher Mutsvangwa, Themba Mliswa and Bezel Nyabadza vilifying the budget as “insensitive” and against “national interests,” describing Biti’s measures as an attempt to “sabotage” the land reform programme.
Besides, all electronic media recorded other socio-economic problems such as poor service delivery and chaos in the education sector.
Successes of the coalition
All the electronic media recorded gains in socio-economic sectors.
They included:
- Recapitalisation of local industry and the launch of the Chirundu One-Stop Border Post (ZTV 3/12, 8pm);
- Refurbishment of Morton Jaffray water works (Radio Zimbabwe 3/12, 8pm; and
- Projected economic growth by seven percent next year (ZimOnline 2/12).
Human rights abuses
The private electronic media continued to report on the human rights situation in the country, which ZBC ignored.
They carried nine stories on the issue, six of which were incidents.
These included:
- The alleged assault of MDC-T Gutu North MP Edmore Hamandishe’s son by suspected ZANU PF supporters (SW Radio Africa, 3/12);
- The eviction of white commercial farmer Thomas Beattie from his Chegutu farm (SW Radio Africa, 30/12); and
- The detention of three people in Victoria Falls for reading the MDC-T newsletter Changing Times (SW Radio Africa, 4/12).
Ends/
The MEDIA UPDATE was produced and circulated by the Media Monitoring Project Zimbabwe, 9 Knight Bruce Road, Milton Park, Harare, Tel: 263 4 741816 / 778115, E-mail: monitors@mmpz.org.zw
Feel free to write to MMPZ. We may not able to respond to everything but we will look at each message.
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